Task 3

Task 3

Fact	Idea	Learning issue	Actions plan
1. Ravi is good in academic and co-curriculum 2. He is a very talkative person, and always been chosen in school debate and forum 3. He is the best student in his batch and at the same time, he is also a leader for his school football team 4. He involved in a road accident with a severe head injured. 5. He was coma in hospital for one week 6. Mother worries whether the accident will affect his ability to speak and hear 7. His football coach and teammates worried about his performance in the coming football match. 8. Teacher concerned about his performance in academic.	1. People in coma can hear but cannot respond to stimulation. 2. A coma is a deep state of unconsciousness, which an individual is not able to react to his or her environment. 2. Ravi had severe head injured so, his neuron had damage. 3. The neuron damage can prevent the transmission of impulse that made the person coma. 4.	1. How coma occur? 2. What causes in head injured people? 3. What is the effect of Ravi after awake. 4. What is the justification about his condition that occur in his central nervous system. 5. Is recovery from coma is possible?	1. Refer reference books 2. Search in the internet 3. Discuss with other group members

1. How coma occur?

Coma is commonly a result of trauma, bleeding and/or swelling affecting the brain. Inadequate oxygen or blood sugar (glucose) and various poisons can also directly injure the brain to cause coma.

2. What is the effect of Ravi after awake.

a) Will the head injury cause permanent brain damage?

This depends on how bad the injury was and how much damage it did. Most head injuries don't cause permanent damage.

b) What about memory loss?

It's common for someone who's had a head injury to forget the events right before, during and right after the accident. Memory of these events may never come back. Following recovery, the ability to learn and remember new things almost always returns.

c) What happen after coma?

When coming out of a coma, a person will often be confused and can only slowly respond to what's going on. It will take time for the person to start feeling better. Whether someone fully returns to normal after being in a coma depends on what caused the coma and how badly the brain may have been hurt. Sometimes people who come out of comas are just as they were before they can remember what happened to them before the coma and can do everything they used to do. Other people may need therapy to relearn basic things like tying their shoes, eating with a fork or spoon, or learning to walk all over again. They may also have problems with speaking or remembering things. Over time and with the help of therapists, however, many people who have been in a coma can make a lot of progress. They may not be exactly like they were before the coma, but they can do a lot of things and enjoy life with their family and friends.

5. Is recovery from coma is possible?

Outcomes of coma are from recovery to death. Comas normally last a few days to a few weeks. But in some case it may lasted as long as several year. The time taken is depending on the severity of injury and also depends on disease. There are there possibilities that may occur after the coma, first the patients may come out from coma, second some may progress to vegetative state, and third, some may die. Some patients who have entered a vegetative state go on to regain a degree of awareness. Others remain in a vegetative state for years or even decades (the longest recorded period being 37 years).

The vegetative state is in which the patients in persistent vegetative state have lost all cognitive neurological function but are still able to breathe and may exhibit various spontaneous movements. They may even be awake and appear to be normal but, because the cognitive part of their brain no longer functions, they are not able to respond to their environment. A vegetative state can last for years.

            The outcome for coma and vegetative state depends on the cause, location, severity and extent of neurological damage. A deeper coma alone does not necessarily mean a slimmer chance of recovery, because some people in deep coma recover well while others in a so-called milder coma sometimes fail to improve.

Many people recover their full physical and mental functioning when they emerge from a coma. Others require various forms of therapy to recover as much functioning as possible. Some patients never recover anything but very basic body functions.  

People may emerge from a coma with a combination of physical, intellectual and psychological difficulties that need special attention. Recovery usually occurs gradually patients acquire more and more ability to respond. Some patients never progress beyond very basic responses, but many recover full awareness. Regaining consciousness is not instant: in the first days, patients are only awake for a few minutes, and duration of time awake gradually increases. The coma patient awakes sometimes in a profound state of confusion, not knowing how they got there and sometimes suffering from dysarthria, the inability to articulate any speech, and with many other disabilities.

Predicted chances of recovery are variable owing to different techniques used to measure the extent of neurological damage. All the predictions are based on statistical rates with some level of chance for recovery present: a person with a low chance of recovery may still awaken. Time is the best general predictor of a chance of recovery: after 4 months of coma caused by brain damage, the chance of partial recovery is less than 15%, and the chance of full recovery is very low.

The most common cause of death for a person in a vegetative state is secondary infection such as pneumonia which can occur in patients who lie still for extended periods.